Contrary to humans, some vertebrates have an exceptional ability to regenerate damaged tissues including the Spanish newt (Pleurodeles waltl) which can regenerate a range of complex structures. Retinal regeneration in some newt species has been reported after the removal of the whole retina. Our focus is to characterize the reprogramming of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the Spanish newt. The process starts when the RPE cells dedifferentiate into progenitor cells, increasing in cell abundance, and then differentiating (specializing) into neural retinal cells, resulting in a newly regenerated retina. We established a retinectomy protocol to completely remove the retina. We then used histology and immunofluorescent to characterize the process of retina regeneration. Our results show that the Spanish newt is capable of reprogramming RPE into a fully differentiated retina over an 8-week timeline. Immediately following retinectomy, there was dedifferentiation of newt RPE cells indicated by loss of pigment and continued into the first week. By the second and third weeks, there was the incorporation of a fluorescent molecule in the newly synthesized DNA, which was indicative of the cells being in the S-phase of the cycle. A new lining of RPE cells and rudiment retinal cells formed by the third week. By the eighth week, a differentiated retina was present. Our results provide a foundation for future research with hopes to contribute to novel therapies for visually impaired/blind individuals. This research topic is incredibly impactful to the lives of many and inspirational to me, as I aspire to become a physician.
Author: Matthew Keyser
Advisors: Katia Del Rio-Tsonis, Biology. Erika Grajales Esquivel, Biology
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