Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) are metabolic cofactors playing significant, distinct roles in cellular metabolism primarily involving cellular respiration and maintaining antioxidant defenses, respectively. Signals from NADH and NADPH are a significant component of cellular autofluorescence and are useful for metabolic sensing. For in vivo sensing of tissues, challenges […]